Irene gammel baroness elsa7/6/2023 In 1918, following a brief stint in Philadelphia, three weeks in a Connecticut jail for espionage, and the Baron’s death, the Baroness settled back in New York (Gammel xix). In the five subsequent years when the Baron was held captive as a prisoner of war in France, the Baroness began friendships and collaborations with artists and writers such as Marcel Duchamp, Djuna Barnes, and Morton Schamberg (Gammel 163-67). A quick marriage followed to the German Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven (Gammel 159). She lived on a farm in Kentucky and worked as an artist’s model in Cincinnati before finding her way to New York, where she settled in Harlem (Gammel 146-54). Born Else Plötz in 1874 in Swinemünde, Germany, she came to America in 1910. She worked in poetry and sculpture, but her best-known contributions came from her performance art.Īlthough she shared the title of “Mother of Dada” with Gertrude Stein, Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven truly looked and lived the part. Known as the “Mother of Dada,” the Baroness was an emblematic and distinctive figure on the New York art scene.
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